Mechanism reasoning Ask with retrieved graph context (and reviewed relationship cites when they exist), walk published cases, trace any two concepts, then run start → perturbation → outcome reasoning. Rule-based walks are illustrative unless independently validated.
6 CASES
A→B PATH TRACER
Δ PERTURBATION
Ask Immune Super Intelligence Graph-retrieved teaching — answers are restricted to retrieved concepts, causal links and relationship-level review status, with reviewed cites when present. Sparse approved claim cites mean this is not fully evidence-grounded AI.
Ask Immune Super Intelligence Graph-retrieved teaching · educational beta · cites when reviewed · not fully evidence-grounded AI
Answers use retrieved graph concepts, links, and reviewed relationship cites when they exist (sparse overall). Educating with references — not patient-specific advice. Nothing is stored.
Exemplar pathways PRD priority pathways — connected in the graph. TNF→RA on-path claim review is furthest along; PD-1 partial; IFN→SLE still largely scaffold-ish. Maturity badges recompute from live approvals.
TNF → rheumatoid arthritis scaffold Classic inflammatory cytokine → disease, with a therapy target on the same axis.
Waypoints are graph-connected. · Claim review: not yet reviewed (scaffold)
Mechanism defaults: Macrophage → Infliximab → Rheumatoid arthritis
PD-1 / PD-L1 → cancer immunotherapy scaffold Checkpoint receptor biology linked to a clinical antibody and biomarker context.
Waypoints are graph-connected. · Claim review: not yet reviewed (scaffold)
Mechanism defaults: PD-L1 → Pembrolizumab → PD-1
Type-I interferon axis → SLE scaffold Innate nucleic-acid sensing / pDC–IFN biology connected to SLE and IFNAR blockade.
Waypoints are graph-connected. · Claim review: not yet reviewed (scaffold)
Mechanism defaults: Plasmacytoid dendritic cell → Anifrolumab → Systemic lupus erythematosus
Mechanism workspace Choose a starting concept, an intervention or perturbation, and an outcome. Inspect paths, polarity, evidence status, assumptions and gaps.
Illustrative · educational only Rule-based path tracing and signed perturbation on the curated graph. Results are illustrative unless validated against independent experimental data. See the model assumptions . Starting concept22q11.2 deletion (DiGeorge) Abatacept ACPA Acute cellular rejection Acute-phase response Adalimumab Adenosine Anakinra ANCA ANCA vasculitis Anifrolumab Anti-AQP4 antibody Anti-dsDNA antibody Antibody-mediated rejection Antigen presentation via MHC-I Antigen presentation via MHC-II Antithymocyte globulin APECED (AIRE deficiency) APRIL Arginase-1 / ROS Artery wall / plaque Asthma Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease Atopic dermatitis ATTACH ATTRACT Axial spondyloarthritis / AS B cell B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia BAFF Baricitinib Basophil BCMA BCR Belimumab Blinatumomab BLISS-52 Blood Blood eosinophil count Bone marrow BSRBR-RA registry BTK Bystander activation C-reactive protein (CRP) Calcineurin inhibitor Canakinumab Cancer immune escape Cancer-immunity cycle Candida albicans CANTOS CARTITUDE-4 CD19 CD19 CAR-T (autoimmune) CD19 CAR-T resets refractory SLE CD1d CD20 CD28 CD3 CD40 ligand (CD40L) CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte CD80/CD86 (B7) Central nervous system cGAS-STING pathway CheckMate 067 Chronic allograft injury Chronic granulomatous disease Cilta-cel Class switching & somatic hypermutation Co-stimulation (signal 2) Coeliac disease Colchicine COLCOT Colonisation resistance Common variable immunodeficiency Complement C3 Complement C5 / C5a / MAC Complement cascade Conjugate / subunit vaccine Conventional dendritic cell Correlate of protection Corticosteroid Crossmatch / DSA screen CTLA-4 CTLA4 / checkpoint gene variants CXCL10 CXCL8 / IL-8 Cytokine release syndrome Deucravacitinib Direct allorecognition Donor-specific antibody Dupilumab Dysbiosis EBV infection precedes MS Eculizumab Efferocytosis & resolution Electronic health records Eosinophil Epithelial barrier breach Epitope spreading Epstein–Barr virus ERASURE Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Etanercept Exhausted CD8 T cell Faecal calprotectin FcεRI FeNO Ferritin Follicular dendritic cell FOLR2+ tissue-resident macrophages Gasdermin D GEMINI 1 Generative AI drug discovery Germinal-centre reaction Glucocorticoid receptor GM-CSF Gout Graft-versus-host disease Granuloma Gut microbiota Gut mucosa GWAS & HLA genetics Heart failure Hepatocyte Herd / indirect protection Histamine HLA-B*15:02 HLA-B*27 HLA-B*57:01 HLA-C*06:02 HLA-DQ2 / DQ8 HLA-DRB1 shared epitope HLA-DRB1*15:01 Hyper-IgM syndrome IFN-γ IFNAR1 IgE IgG IL-10 IL-12 IL-12 receptor IL-12/IFN-γ axis defect (MSMD) IL-13 IL-17A IL-17RA IL-18 IL-1β IL-2 IL-21 IL-22 IL-23 IL-23R IL-33 IL-4 IL-4Rα IL-5 IL-5 receptor α IL-6 IL-6R IL23R coding variants ILC2 Immune digital twin Immunoglobulin replacement (IVIG/SCIG) Inactivated / killed vaccine Indirect allorecognition Inebilizumab Infection as innate adjuvant Inflammatory bowel disease Infliximab Influenza A virus iNKT cell Interferon-stimulated gene signature IPEX syndrome Ipilimumab IRF5 risk variants Ischemia–reperfusion injury Islet autoantibodies JAK-STAT signalling JAK1/JAK2 Keratinocyte KEYNOTE-006 KG traversal Lenercept in MS Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 LIBERTY AD LIBERTY ASTHMA QUEST Live attenuated vaccine Liver Longitudinal military cohort (EBV) Lung Lupus nephritis Lymph node Macrophage MAIT cell Mast cell Melanoma Memory B cell Memory T cell MENSA Mepolizumab MHC class I (HLA-A/B/C) MHC class II (HLA-DR/DQ/DP) Microbial tryptophan / AhR ligands Molecular mimicry Monocyte MR1 mRNA vaccine Mucosal vaccine (intranasal / oral) Mucus / goblet barrier Multiple myeloma Multiple sclerosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Myeloid-derived suppressor cell N-MOmentum NADPH oxidase (phagocyte) Naive CD4 T cell Natural killer cell NAVIGATOR Neisseria meningitidis NETosis Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder Neutralising antibody titre Neutrophil NF-κB signalling Nivolumab NKG2D NLRP3 NLRP3 inflammasome NOD2 risk variants Ocrelizumab Omalizumab Operational transplant tolerance Oral tolerance ORATORIO Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria PD-1 PD-L1 PD-L1 expression PD-L2 Pembrolizumab Perforin / Granzyme B Peripheral Treg induction (colonic) Pharmacogenetic HLA screen Plasma cell Plasmacytoid dendritic cell PNH eculizumab (TRIUMPH) POETYK PSO-1 Polysaccharide A (B. fragilis) Post-infectious flare Psoriasis PTPN22 R620W RAVE RECOVERY Residual inflammatory risk in CVD Rheumatoid arthritis Rituximab SARS-CoV-2 scGPT Schistosoma species Secretory IgA Secukinumab Secukinumab in Crohn disease Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) Sepsis Serum IgE Severe combined immunodeficiency Severe COVID-19 / ARDS Severe cutaneous adverse reaction (SJS/TEN) Short-chain fatty acids (butyrate) Single-cell RNA-seq atlases Skin Spatial transcriptomics Spleen STAT3 loss-of-function (Hyper-IgE / Job) Structure prediction (AlphaFold-class) Synovium Systemic lupus erythematosus T follicular helper priming T-cell exhaustion programme T-cell receptor signalling TCR Teplizumab Terminal complement deficiency (C5–C9) Tezepelumab Tfh cell TGF-β TGN1412 first-in-human Th1 cell Th1 differentiation Th17 cell Th17 differentiation Th2 cell Thymic selection & central tolerance Thymus TLR3 TLR4 TLR7 TMB TN10 Teplizumab TNF TNF blockade (class) TNFR1 TNFR2 TNIK inhibition for IPF Tocilizumab TOWER TOX Trained immunity Treg cell Tryptase TSLP Tuberculosis TULIP-2 Tumour cell Tumour microenvironment TYK2 TYK2 P1104A Type 1 diabetes Type I interferon Type-2 inflammation Type-I IFN sensing defect / autoantibody Type-I interferon signalling Ustekinumab V(D)J recombination Vaccine adjuvant (alum / TLR agonist) Vedolizumab Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome X-linked agammaglobulinaemia α4β7 integrin γδ T cell Intervention / perturbation22q11.2 deletion (DiGeorge) Abatacept ACPA Acute cellular rejection Acute-phase response Adalimumab Adenosine Anakinra ANCA ANCA vasculitis Anifrolumab Anti-AQP4 antibody Anti-dsDNA antibody Antibody-mediated rejection Antigen presentation via MHC-I Antigen presentation via MHC-II Antithymocyte globulin APECED (AIRE deficiency) APRIL Arginase-1 / ROS Artery wall / plaque Asthma Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease Atopic dermatitis ATTACH ATTRACT Axial spondyloarthritis / AS B cell B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia BAFF Baricitinib Basophil BCMA BCR Belimumab Blinatumomab BLISS-52 Blood Blood eosinophil count Bone marrow BSRBR-RA registry BTK Bystander activation C-reactive protein (CRP) Calcineurin inhibitor Canakinumab Cancer immune escape Cancer-immunity cycle Candida albicans CANTOS CARTITUDE-4 CD19 CD19 CAR-T (autoimmune) CD19 CAR-T resets refractory SLE CD1d CD20 CD28 CD3 CD40 ligand (CD40L) CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte CD80/CD86 (B7) Central nervous system cGAS-STING pathway CheckMate 067 Chronic allograft injury Chronic granulomatous disease Cilta-cel Class switching & somatic hypermutation Co-stimulation (signal 2) Coeliac disease Colchicine COLCOT Colonisation resistance Common variable immunodeficiency Complement C3 Complement C5 / C5a / MAC Complement cascade Conjugate / subunit vaccine Conventional dendritic cell Correlate of protection Corticosteroid Crossmatch / DSA screen CTLA-4 CTLA4 / checkpoint gene variants CXCL10 CXCL8 / IL-8 Cytokine release syndrome Deucravacitinib Direct allorecognition Donor-specific antibody Dupilumab Dysbiosis EBV infection precedes MS Eculizumab Efferocytosis & resolution Electronic health records Eosinophil Epithelial barrier breach Epitope spreading Epstein–Barr virus ERASURE Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Etanercept Exhausted CD8 T cell Faecal calprotectin FcεRI FeNO Ferritin Follicular dendritic cell FOLR2+ tissue-resident macrophages Gasdermin D GEMINI 1 Generative AI drug discovery Germinal-centre reaction Glucocorticoid receptor GM-CSF Gout Graft-versus-host disease Granuloma Gut microbiota Gut mucosa GWAS & HLA genetics Heart failure Hepatocyte Herd / indirect protection Histamine HLA-B*15:02 HLA-B*27 HLA-B*57:01 HLA-C*06:02 HLA-DQ2 / DQ8 HLA-DRB1 shared epitope HLA-DRB1*15:01 Hyper-IgM syndrome IFN-γ IFNAR1 IgE IgG IL-10 IL-12 IL-12 receptor IL-12/IFN-γ axis defect (MSMD) IL-13 IL-17A IL-17RA IL-18 IL-1β IL-2 IL-21 IL-22 IL-23 IL-23R IL-33 IL-4 IL-4Rα IL-5 IL-5 receptor α IL-6 IL-6R IL23R coding variants ILC2 Immune digital twin Immunoglobulin replacement (IVIG/SCIG) Inactivated / killed vaccine Indirect allorecognition Inebilizumab Infection as innate adjuvant Inflammatory bowel disease Infliximab Influenza A virus iNKT cell Interferon-stimulated gene signature IPEX syndrome Ipilimumab IRF5 risk variants Ischemia–reperfusion injury Islet autoantibodies JAK-STAT signalling JAK1/JAK2 Keratinocyte KEYNOTE-006 KG traversal Lenercept in MS Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 LIBERTY AD LIBERTY ASTHMA QUEST Live attenuated vaccine Liver Longitudinal military cohort (EBV) Lung Lupus nephritis Lymph node Macrophage MAIT cell Mast cell Melanoma Memory B cell Memory T cell MENSA Mepolizumab MHC class I (HLA-A/B/C) MHC class II (HLA-DR/DQ/DP) Microbial tryptophan / AhR ligands Molecular mimicry Monocyte MR1 mRNA vaccine Mucosal vaccine (intranasal / oral) Mucus / goblet barrier Multiple myeloma Multiple sclerosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Myeloid-derived suppressor cell N-MOmentum NADPH oxidase (phagocyte) Naive CD4 T cell Natural killer cell NAVIGATOR Neisseria meningitidis NETosis Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder Neutralising antibody titre Neutrophil NF-κB signalling Nivolumab NKG2D NLRP3 NLRP3 inflammasome NOD2 risk variants Ocrelizumab Omalizumab Operational transplant tolerance Oral tolerance ORATORIO Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria PD-1 PD-L1 PD-L1 expression PD-L2 Pembrolizumab Perforin / Granzyme B Peripheral Treg induction (colonic) Pharmacogenetic HLA screen Plasma cell Plasmacytoid dendritic cell PNH eculizumab (TRIUMPH) POETYK PSO-1 Polysaccharide A (B. fragilis) Post-infectious flare Psoriasis PTPN22 R620W RAVE RECOVERY Residual inflammatory risk in CVD Rheumatoid arthritis Rituximab SARS-CoV-2 scGPT Schistosoma species Secretory IgA Secukinumab Secukinumab in Crohn disease Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) Sepsis Serum IgE Severe combined immunodeficiency Severe COVID-19 / ARDS Severe cutaneous adverse reaction (SJS/TEN) Short-chain fatty acids (butyrate) Single-cell RNA-seq atlases Skin Spatial transcriptomics Spleen STAT3 loss-of-function (Hyper-IgE / Job) Structure prediction (AlphaFold-class) Synovium Systemic lupus erythematosus T follicular helper priming T-cell exhaustion programme T-cell receptor signalling TCR Teplizumab Terminal complement deficiency (C5–C9) Tezepelumab Tfh cell TGF-β TGN1412 first-in-human Th1 cell Th1 differentiation Th17 cell Th17 differentiation Th2 cell Thymic selection & central tolerance Thymus TLR3 TLR4 TLR7 TMB TN10 Teplizumab TNF TNF blockade (class) TNFR1 TNFR2 TNIK inhibition for IPF Tocilizumab TOWER TOX Trained immunity Treg cell Tryptase TSLP Tuberculosis TULIP-2 Tumour cell Tumour microenvironment TYK2 TYK2 P1104A Type 1 diabetes Type I interferon Type-2 inflammation Type-I IFN sensing defect / autoantibody Type-I interferon signalling Ustekinumab V(D)J recombination Vaccine adjuvant (alum / TLR agonist) Vedolizumab Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome X-linked agammaglobulinaemia α4β7 integrin γδ T cell Outcome of interest22q11.2 deletion (DiGeorge) Abatacept ACPA Acute cellular rejection Acute-phase response Adalimumab Adenosine Anakinra ANCA ANCA vasculitis Anifrolumab Anti-AQP4 antibody Anti-dsDNA antibody Antibody-mediated rejection Antigen presentation via MHC-I Antigen presentation via MHC-II Antithymocyte globulin APECED (AIRE deficiency) APRIL Arginase-1 / ROS Artery wall / plaque Asthma Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease Atopic dermatitis ATTACH ATTRACT Axial spondyloarthritis / AS B cell B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia BAFF Baricitinib Basophil BCMA BCR Belimumab Blinatumomab BLISS-52 Blood Blood eosinophil count Bone marrow BSRBR-RA registry BTK Bystander activation C-reactive protein (CRP) Calcineurin inhibitor Canakinumab Cancer immune escape Cancer-immunity cycle Candida albicans CANTOS CARTITUDE-4 CD19 CD19 CAR-T (autoimmune) CD19 CAR-T resets refractory SLE CD1d CD20 CD28 CD3 CD40 ligand (CD40L) CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte CD80/CD86 (B7) Central nervous system cGAS-STING pathway CheckMate 067 Chronic allograft injury Chronic granulomatous disease Cilta-cel Class switching & somatic hypermutation Co-stimulation (signal 2) Coeliac disease Colchicine COLCOT Colonisation resistance Common variable immunodeficiency Complement C3 Complement C5 / C5a / MAC Complement cascade Conjugate / subunit vaccine Conventional dendritic cell Correlate of protection Corticosteroid Crossmatch / DSA screen CTLA-4 CTLA4 / checkpoint gene variants CXCL10 CXCL8 / IL-8 Cytokine release syndrome Deucravacitinib Direct allorecognition Donor-specific antibody Dupilumab Dysbiosis EBV infection precedes MS Eculizumab Efferocytosis & resolution Electronic health records Eosinophil Epithelial barrier breach Epitope spreading Epstein–Barr virus ERASURE Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Etanercept Exhausted CD8 T cell Faecal calprotectin FcεRI FeNO Ferritin Follicular dendritic cell FOLR2+ tissue-resident macrophages Gasdermin D GEMINI 1 Generative AI drug discovery Germinal-centre reaction Glucocorticoid receptor GM-CSF Gout Graft-versus-host disease Granuloma Gut microbiota Gut mucosa GWAS & HLA genetics Heart failure Hepatocyte Herd / indirect protection Histamine HLA-B*15:02 HLA-B*27 HLA-B*57:01 HLA-C*06:02 HLA-DQ2 / DQ8 HLA-DRB1 shared epitope HLA-DRB1*15:01 Hyper-IgM syndrome IFN-γ IFNAR1 IgE IgG IL-10 IL-12 IL-12 receptor IL-12/IFN-γ axis defect (MSMD) IL-13 IL-17A IL-17RA IL-18 IL-1β IL-2 IL-21 IL-22 IL-23 IL-23R IL-33 IL-4 IL-4Rα IL-5 IL-5 receptor α IL-6 IL-6R IL23R coding variants ILC2 Immune digital twin Immunoglobulin replacement (IVIG/SCIG) Inactivated / killed vaccine Indirect allorecognition Inebilizumab Infection as innate adjuvant Inflammatory bowel disease Infliximab Influenza A virus iNKT cell Interferon-stimulated gene signature IPEX syndrome Ipilimumab IRF5 risk variants Ischemia–reperfusion injury Islet autoantibodies JAK-STAT signalling JAK1/JAK2 Keratinocyte KEYNOTE-006 KG traversal Lenercept in MS Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 LIBERTY AD LIBERTY ASTHMA QUEST Live attenuated vaccine Liver Longitudinal military cohort (EBV) Lung Lupus nephritis Lymph node Macrophage MAIT cell Mast cell Melanoma Memory B cell Memory T cell MENSA Mepolizumab MHC class I (HLA-A/B/C) MHC class II (HLA-DR/DQ/DP) Microbial tryptophan / AhR ligands Molecular mimicry Monocyte MR1 mRNA vaccine Mucosal vaccine (intranasal / oral) Mucus / goblet barrier Multiple myeloma Multiple sclerosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Myeloid-derived suppressor cell N-MOmentum NADPH oxidase (phagocyte) Naive CD4 T cell Natural killer cell NAVIGATOR Neisseria meningitidis NETosis Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder Neutralising antibody titre Neutrophil NF-κB signalling Nivolumab NKG2D NLRP3 NLRP3 inflammasome NOD2 risk variants Ocrelizumab Omalizumab Operational transplant tolerance Oral tolerance ORATORIO Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria PD-1 PD-L1 PD-L1 expression PD-L2 Pembrolizumab Perforin / Granzyme B Peripheral Treg induction (colonic) Pharmacogenetic HLA screen Plasma cell Plasmacytoid dendritic cell PNH eculizumab (TRIUMPH) POETYK PSO-1 Polysaccharide A (B. fragilis) Post-infectious flare Psoriasis PTPN22 R620W RAVE RECOVERY Residual inflammatory risk in CVD Rheumatoid arthritis Rituximab SARS-CoV-2 scGPT Schistosoma species Secretory IgA Secukinumab Secukinumab in Crohn disease Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) Sepsis Serum IgE Severe combined immunodeficiency Severe COVID-19 / ARDS Severe cutaneous adverse reaction (SJS/TEN) Short-chain fatty acids (butyrate) Single-cell RNA-seq atlases Skin Spatial transcriptomics Spleen STAT3 loss-of-function (Hyper-IgE / Job) Structure prediction (AlphaFold-class) Synovium Systemic lupus erythematosus T follicular helper priming T-cell exhaustion programme T-cell receptor signalling TCR Teplizumab Terminal complement deficiency (C5–C9) Tezepelumab Tfh cell TGF-β TGN1412 first-in-human Th1 cell Th1 differentiation Th17 cell Th17 differentiation Th2 cell Thymic selection & central tolerance Thymus TLR3 TLR4 TLR7 TMB TN10 Teplizumab TNF TNF blockade (class) TNFR1 TNFR2 TNIK inhibition for IPF Tocilizumab TOWER TOX Trained immunity Treg cell Tryptase TSLP Tuberculosis TULIP-2 Tumour cell Tumour microenvironment TYK2 TYK2 P1104A Type 1 diabetes Type I interferon Type-2 inflammation Type-I IFN sensing defect / autoantibody Type-I interferon signalling Ustekinumab V(D)J recombination Vaccine adjuvant (alum / TLR agonist) Vedolizumab Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome X-linked agammaglobulinaemia α4β7 integrin γδ T cell Perturbation modeInhibit / block Activate / boost
Path to outcome Shortest undirected walk from start to outcome on the knowledge graph.
produces Unreviewed · Macrophage activation can induce TNF production. citation pending curation Unreviewed details established
contributes to Unreviewed · TNF promotes inflammatory signalling in rheumatoid arthritis. citation pending curation Unreviewed details established
Path via perturbation Start → Infliximab → outcome (stitched shortest paths).
Macrophage produces TNF Unreviewed TNF ← targets Infliximab Unreviewed Infliximab targets TNF Unreviewed TNF contributes to Rheumatoid arthritis Unreviewed Signed perturbation effects Illustrative decay model from inhibiting Infliximab. Not a kinetic or clinical prediction.
Effect on increased (score 0.52, depth 2)
Assumptions Walks use curated causal edges and relation polarity (+ / − / reverse+). Perturbation spread is a simplified signed decay model — not a kinetic simulation. Evidence badges reflect relationship-level review status in this graph, not new literature search. Results are illustrative unless validated against independent experimental data. Known gaps 8 link(s) on the displayed paths are draft, unreviewed, emerging, or hypothetical. 6 link(s) lack a PMID/DOI provenance link. Case reasoning 1 Rheumatologist2 Medical science liaison3 CPD educator4 Gastroenterologist5 Haematologist6 Neurologist
Rheumatologist
Why might abatacept suit an anti-CCP-positive RA patient better than adalimumab? ACPA+ RA is driven by T–B collaboration (Tfh help to autoreactive B cells). Abatacept blocks CD28–B7 co-stimulation upstream of that collaboration, whereas anti-TNF acts downstream on an effector cytokine. Comparative data are observational and should be treated as emerging evidence.
Path tracer Pick any two concepts. The tracer finds the shortest chain of causal links between them, directed or not.
From22q11.2 deletion (DiGeorge) Abatacept ACPA Acute cellular rejection Acute-phase response Adalimumab Adenosine Anakinra ANCA ANCA vasculitis Anifrolumab Anti-AQP4 antibody Anti-dsDNA antibody Antibody-mediated rejection Antigen presentation via MHC-I Antigen presentation via MHC-II Antithymocyte globulin APECED (AIRE deficiency) APRIL Arginase-1 / ROS Artery wall / plaque Asthma Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease Atopic dermatitis ATTACH ATTRACT Axial spondyloarthritis / AS B cell B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia BAFF Baricitinib Basophil BCMA BCR Belimumab Blinatumomab BLISS-52 Blood Blood eosinophil count Bone marrow BSRBR-RA registry BTK Bystander activation C-reactive protein (CRP) Calcineurin inhibitor Canakinumab Cancer immune escape Cancer-immunity cycle Candida albicans CANTOS CARTITUDE-4 CD19 CD19 CAR-T (autoimmune) CD19 CAR-T resets refractory SLE CD1d CD20 CD28 CD3 CD40 ligand (CD40L) CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte CD80/CD86 (B7) Central nervous system cGAS-STING pathway CheckMate 067 Chronic allograft injury Chronic granulomatous disease Cilta-cel Class switching & somatic hypermutation Co-stimulation (signal 2) Coeliac disease Colchicine COLCOT Colonisation resistance Common variable immunodeficiency Complement C3 Complement C5 / C5a / MAC Complement cascade Conjugate / subunit vaccine Conventional dendritic cell Correlate of protection Corticosteroid Crossmatch / DSA screen CTLA-4 CTLA4 / checkpoint gene variants CXCL10 CXCL8 / IL-8 Cytokine release syndrome Deucravacitinib Direct allorecognition Donor-specific antibody Dupilumab Dysbiosis EBV infection precedes MS Eculizumab Efferocytosis & resolution Electronic health records Eosinophil Epithelial barrier breach Epitope spreading Epstein–Barr virus ERASURE Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Etanercept Exhausted CD8 T cell Faecal calprotectin FcεRI FeNO Ferritin Follicular dendritic cell FOLR2+ tissue-resident macrophages Gasdermin D GEMINI 1 Generative AI drug discovery Germinal-centre reaction Glucocorticoid receptor GM-CSF Gout Graft-versus-host disease Granuloma Gut microbiota Gut mucosa GWAS & HLA genetics Heart failure Hepatocyte Herd / indirect protection Histamine HLA-B*15:02 HLA-B*27 HLA-B*57:01 HLA-C*06:02 HLA-DQ2 / DQ8 HLA-DRB1 shared epitope HLA-DRB1*15:01 Hyper-IgM syndrome IFN-γ IFNAR1 IgE IgG IL-10 IL-12 IL-12 receptor IL-12/IFN-γ axis defect (MSMD) IL-13 IL-17A IL-17RA IL-18 IL-1β IL-2 IL-21 IL-22 IL-23 IL-23R IL-33 IL-4 IL-4Rα IL-5 IL-5 receptor α IL-6 IL-6R IL23R coding variants ILC2 Immune digital twin Immunoglobulin replacement (IVIG/SCIG) Inactivated / killed vaccine Indirect allorecognition Inebilizumab Infection as innate adjuvant Inflammatory bowel disease Infliximab Influenza A virus iNKT cell Interferon-stimulated gene signature IPEX syndrome Ipilimumab IRF5 risk variants Ischemia–reperfusion injury Islet autoantibodies JAK-STAT signalling JAK1/JAK2 Keratinocyte KEYNOTE-006 KG traversal Lenercept in MS Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 LIBERTY AD LIBERTY ASTHMA QUEST Live attenuated vaccine Liver Longitudinal military cohort (EBV) Lung Lupus nephritis Lymph node Macrophage MAIT cell Mast cell Melanoma Memory B cell Memory T cell MENSA Mepolizumab MHC class I (HLA-A/B/C) MHC class II (HLA-DR/DQ/DP) Microbial tryptophan / AhR ligands Molecular mimicry Monocyte MR1 mRNA vaccine Mucosal vaccine (intranasal / oral) Mucus / goblet barrier Multiple myeloma Multiple sclerosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Myeloid-derived suppressor cell N-MOmentum NADPH oxidase (phagocyte) Naive CD4 T cell Natural killer cell NAVIGATOR Neisseria meningitidis NETosis Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder Neutralising antibody titre Neutrophil NF-κB signalling Nivolumab NKG2D NLRP3 NLRP3 inflammasome NOD2 risk variants Ocrelizumab Omalizumab Operational transplant tolerance Oral tolerance ORATORIO Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria PD-1 PD-L1 PD-L1 expression PD-L2 Pembrolizumab Perforin / Granzyme B Peripheral Treg induction (colonic) Pharmacogenetic HLA screen Plasma cell Plasmacytoid dendritic cell PNH eculizumab (TRIUMPH) POETYK PSO-1 Polysaccharide A (B. fragilis) Post-infectious flare Psoriasis PTPN22 R620W RAVE RECOVERY Residual inflammatory risk in CVD Rheumatoid arthritis Rituximab SARS-CoV-2 scGPT Schistosoma species Secretory IgA Secukinumab Secukinumab in Crohn disease Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) Sepsis Serum IgE Severe combined immunodeficiency Severe COVID-19 / ARDS Severe cutaneous adverse reaction (SJS/TEN) Short-chain fatty acids (butyrate) Single-cell RNA-seq atlases Skin Spatial transcriptomics Spleen STAT3 loss-of-function (Hyper-IgE / Job) Structure prediction (AlphaFold-class) Synovium Systemic lupus erythematosus T follicular helper priming T-cell exhaustion programme T-cell receptor signalling TCR Teplizumab Terminal complement deficiency (C5–C9) Tezepelumab Tfh cell TGF-β TGN1412 first-in-human Th1 cell Th1 differentiation Th17 cell Th17 differentiation Th2 cell Thymic selection & central tolerance Thymus TLR3 TLR4 TLR7 TMB TN10 Teplizumab TNF TNF blockade (class) TNFR1 TNFR2 TNIK inhibition for IPF Tocilizumab TOWER TOX Trained immunity Treg cell Tryptase TSLP Tuberculosis TULIP-2 Tumour cell Tumour microenvironment TYK2 TYK2 P1104A Type 1 diabetes Type I interferon Type-2 inflammation Type-I IFN sensing defect / autoantibody Type-I interferon signalling Ustekinumab V(D)J recombination Vaccine adjuvant (alum / TLR agonist) Vedolizumab Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome X-linked agammaglobulinaemia α4β7 integrin γδ T cell ⇄ To22q11.2 deletion (DiGeorge) Abatacept ACPA Acute cellular rejection Acute-phase response Adalimumab Adenosine Anakinra ANCA ANCA vasculitis Anifrolumab Anti-AQP4 antibody Anti-dsDNA antibody Antibody-mediated rejection Antigen presentation via MHC-I Antigen presentation via MHC-II Antithymocyte globulin APECED (AIRE deficiency) APRIL Arginase-1 / ROS Artery wall / plaque Asthma Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease Atopic dermatitis ATTACH ATTRACT Axial spondyloarthritis / AS B cell B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia BAFF Baricitinib Basophil BCMA BCR Belimumab Blinatumomab BLISS-52 Blood Blood eosinophil count Bone marrow BSRBR-RA registry BTK Bystander activation C-reactive protein (CRP) Calcineurin inhibitor Canakinumab Cancer immune escape Cancer-immunity cycle Candida albicans CANTOS CARTITUDE-4 CD19 CD19 CAR-T (autoimmune) CD19 CAR-T resets refractory SLE CD1d CD20 CD28 CD3 CD40 ligand (CD40L) CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte CD80/CD86 (B7) Central nervous system cGAS-STING pathway CheckMate 067 Chronic allograft injury Chronic granulomatous disease Cilta-cel Class switching & somatic hypermutation Co-stimulation (signal 2) Coeliac disease Colchicine COLCOT Colonisation resistance Common variable immunodeficiency Complement C3 Complement C5 / C5a / MAC Complement cascade Conjugate / subunit vaccine Conventional dendritic cell Correlate of protection Corticosteroid Crossmatch / DSA screen CTLA-4 CTLA4 / checkpoint gene variants CXCL10 CXCL8 / IL-8 Cytokine release syndrome Deucravacitinib Direct allorecognition Donor-specific antibody Dupilumab Dysbiosis EBV infection precedes MS Eculizumab Efferocytosis & resolution Electronic health records Eosinophil Epithelial barrier breach Epitope spreading Epstein–Barr virus ERASURE Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Etanercept Exhausted CD8 T cell Faecal calprotectin FcεRI FeNO Ferritin Follicular dendritic cell FOLR2+ tissue-resident macrophages Gasdermin D GEMINI 1 Generative AI drug discovery Germinal-centre reaction Glucocorticoid receptor GM-CSF Gout Graft-versus-host disease Granuloma Gut microbiota Gut mucosa GWAS & HLA genetics Heart failure Hepatocyte Herd / indirect protection Histamine HLA-B*15:02 HLA-B*27 HLA-B*57:01 HLA-C*06:02 HLA-DQ2 / DQ8 HLA-DRB1 shared epitope HLA-DRB1*15:01 Hyper-IgM syndrome IFN-γ IFNAR1 IgE IgG IL-10 IL-12 IL-12 receptor IL-12/IFN-γ axis defect (MSMD) IL-13 IL-17A IL-17RA IL-18 IL-1β IL-2 IL-21 IL-22 IL-23 IL-23R IL-33 IL-4 IL-4Rα IL-5 IL-5 receptor α IL-6 IL-6R IL23R coding variants ILC2 Immune digital twin Immunoglobulin replacement (IVIG/SCIG) Inactivated / killed vaccine Indirect allorecognition Inebilizumab Infection as innate adjuvant Inflammatory bowel disease Infliximab Influenza A virus iNKT cell Interferon-stimulated gene signature IPEX syndrome Ipilimumab IRF5 risk variants Ischemia–reperfusion injury Islet autoantibodies JAK-STAT signalling JAK1/JAK2 Keratinocyte KEYNOTE-006 KG traversal Lenercept in MS Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 LIBERTY AD LIBERTY ASTHMA QUEST Live attenuated vaccine Liver Longitudinal military cohort (EBV) Lung Lupus nephritis Lymph node Macrophage MAIT cell Mast cell Melanoma Memory B cell Memory T cell MENSA Mepolizumab MHC class I (HLA-A/B/C) MHC class II (HLA-DR/DQ/DP) Microbial tryptophan / AhR ligands Molecular mimicry Monocyte MR1 mRNA vaccine Mucosal vaccine (intranasal / oral) Mucus / goblet barrier Multiple myeloma Multiple sclerosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Myeloid-derived suppressor cell N-MOmentum NADPH oxidase (phagocyte) Naive CD4 T cell Natural killer cell NAVIGATOR Neisseria meningitidis NETosis Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder Neutralising antibody titre Neutrophil NF-κB signalling Nivolumab NKG2D NLRP3 NLRP3 inflammasome NOD2 risk variants Ocrelizumab Omalizumab Operational transplant tolerance Oral tolerance ORATORIO Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria PD-1 PD-L1 PD-L1 expression PD-L2 Pembrolizumab Perforin / Granzyme B Peripheral Treg induction (colonic) Pharmacogenetic HLA screen Plasma cell Plasmacytoid dendritic cell PNH eculizumab (TRIUMPH) POETYK PSO-1 Polysaccharide A (B. fragilis) Post-infectious flare Psoriasis PTPN22 R620W RAVE RECOVERY Residual inflammatory risk in CVD Rheumatoid arthritis Rituximab SARS-CoV-2 scGPT Schistosoma species Secretory IgA Secukinumab Secukinumab in Crohn disease Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) Sepsis Serum IgE Severe combined immunodeficiency Severe COVID-19 / ARDS Severe cutaneous adverse reaction (SJS/TEN) Short-chain fatty acids (butyrate) Single-cell RNA-seq atlases Skin Spatial transcriptomics Spleen STAT3 loss-of-function (Hyper-IgE / Job) Structure prediction (AlphaFold-class) Synovium Systemic lupus erythematosus T follicular helper priming T-cell exhaustion programme T-cell receptor signalling TCR Teplizumab Terminal complement deficiency (C5–C9) Tezepelumab Tfh cell TGF-β TGN1412 first-in-human Th1 cell Th1 differentiation Th17 cell Th17 differentiation Th2 cell Thymic selection & central tolerance Thymus TLR3 TLR4 TLR7 TMB TN10 Teplizumab TNF TNF blockade (class) TNFR1 TNFR2 TNIK inhibition for IPF Tocilizumab TOWER TOX Trained immunity Treg cell Tryptase TSLP Tuberculosis TULIP-2 Tumour cell Tumour microenvironment TYK2 TYK2 P1104A Type 1 diabetes Type I interferon Type-2 inflammation Type-I IFN sensing defect / autoantibody Type-I interferon signalling Ustekinumab V(D)J recombination Vaccine adjuvant (alum / TLR agonist) Vedolizumab Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome X-linked agammaglobulinaemia α4β7 integrin γδ T cell
produces · Macrophage activation can induce TNF production.citation pending curation Unreviewed details established
contributes to · TNF promotes inflammatory signalling in rheumatoid arthritis.citation pending curation Unreviewed details established